STUDENTS: Type the answers to the exercises and questions neatly and hand them in or e-mail them to your instructor before the next session.

Exercises

1. Derive the type II or cyrtoid behavioral response of consumers from assumptions about the time spent handling prey.
2. Prove that the L-V prey equations with logistic intraspecific competition amongst prey and type II prey-dependent predator satiation do not satisfy all the conditions for a plausible model.
3. Mathematically define the zero-growth isoclines for the L-V model with logistic intraspecific competition amongst prey and prey-dependent predator satiation. Draw the isoclines and plot an approximate trajectory starting at a particular location in phase space.
4. Mathematically define the zero-growth isoclines for the L-V model with logistic intraspecific competition amongst prey and ratio-dependent predator satiation. Draw the isoclines and plot an approximate trajectory starting at a particular location in phase space.
5. Run the PAS Lesson PL2 again and define the type of model used in this example.

Reading

1. Holling, C. S. 1961. Principles of insect predation. Annual Review of Entomology 6: 163-182.
2. Note 4.12, page 146 in Berryman, A. A. 1981. Population systems: a general introduction. Plenum, New York.
3. Pages 12-19 in Hassell, M. P. 1978. The dynamics of arthropod predator-prey systems. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
4. Pages 152 - 163 in MacArthur, R. H. and J. H. Connell. 1966. The biology of populations. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Questions

1. What is the difference between a consumer's functional and numerical responses?
2. Draw diagrams illustrating the three main types of functional responses. Make sure you label the graph axes.
3. What kind of consumer behavior produces a sigmoid functional response?
4. What is the difference between a prey-dependent and ratio-dependent functional response?
5. Describe the Michaelis-Menten equation for prey-dependent behavioral responses and define the parameters.
6. What are the stability properties of the L-V model for consumers with prey-dependent behavioral responses.
7. Draw isoclines for and show the stability properties of predator-prey systems in which the prey population has a refuge from predation.
8. What are the stability properties of the L-V model for consumers with ratio-dependent behavioral responses.
9. How do ratio-dependent behavioral responses affect the predator and prey isoclines?