Individual tree characteristics can be used to determine the risk of tree death or damage.

EXAMPLES

Fir engraver beetle. Crown characteristics are important in determining risk of white fir dying from fir engraver beetle attack (slide).

Southern pine beetle. The growth rates of pine trees measured from increment cores can be used to assess the resistance of trees to southern pine beetle attack (slide). Periodic growth, the current growth increment divided by the previous growth increment is one of the most useful measures of resistance. Periodic growth rates less than 1 mean that the growth of the tree is slowing down, implying that the tree is under stress and therefore less resistant to beetle attack (slide).

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